• Avalanche decision-making frameworks: Classification and description of underlying factors 

      Landrø, Markus; Pfuhl, Gerit; Engeset, Rune; Jackson, Miriam; Hetland, Audun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-17)
      Snow avalanches are a complex phenomenon and correctly assessing avalanche danger is crucial in order to avoid accidents. To aid the decision-making process, different decision-making frameworks (DMFs) have been developed. However, each DMF assesses different factors. We identified 44 factors included in the ten most commonly used DMFs, supplemented by nine factors regarded as important by avalanche ...
    • Avalanche decision-making frameworks: Factors and methods used by experts 

      Landrø, Markus; Hetland, Audun; Engeset, Rune; Pfuhl, Gerit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-10-31)
      The snowy mountains of the world attract more and more backcountry recreationalists. Besides beauty and joy, traveling in avalanche terrain can involve risk of injury and even death. A correct assessment of avalanche danger and following a correct decision is crucial. This requires a thorough evaluation of a range of factors. To aid these decisions several decision-making frameworks (DMF) have been ...
    • Climate in Svalbard 2100 – a knowledge base for climate adaptation 

      Bilt, Willem van der; Bakke, Jostein; Smedsrud, Lars H.; Sund, Monica; Schuler, Thomas; Westermann, Sebastian; Wong, Wai Kwok; Sandven, Stein; Simpson, Matthew James Ross; Skogen, Morten D.; Pavlova, O.; Ravndal, Ole; Risebrobakken, Bjørg; Saloranta, Tuomo; Mezghani, Abdelkader; Nilsen, F.; Nilsen, Jan Even Øie; Nilsen, Irene Brox; Kierulf, Halfdan; Kohler, Jack; Li, H.; Lutz, J; Melvold, Kjetil; Gjelten, Herdis Motrøen; Gundersen, Jeanette; Isaksen, Kjetil; Jaedicke, Christian; Dobler, Andreas; Engeset, Rune; Frauenfelder, Regula; Gerland, Sebastian; Christiansen, Hanne H; Børsheim, Knut Yngve; Breivik, Øyvind; Breili, Kristian; Borstad, Christopher Paul; Bogen, J.; Benestad, Rasmus; Beldring, S.; Andresen, J; Adakudlu, Muralidhar (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2019-02-04)
      This report was commissioned by the Norwegian Environment Agency in order to provide basic information for use in climate change adaptation in Svalbard. It includes descriptions of historical, as well as projections for the future climate development in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and ocean, and it includes effects on the physical nature e.g. on permafrost and various types of landslides ...
    • Communicating public avalanche warnings – what works? 

      Engeset, Rune; Pfuhl, Gerit; Landrø, Markus; Mannberg, Andrea; Hetland, Audun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-20)
      Like many other mountainous countries, Norway has experienced a rapid increase in both recreational winter activities and fatalities in avalanche terrain during the past few decades: during the decade 2008–2017, 64 recreational avalanche fatalities were recorded in Norway. This is a 106% increase from that of the previous decade. In 2013, Norway therefore launched the National Avalanche Warning ...
    • Developing nationwide avalanche terrain maps for Norway 

      Larsen, Håvard Toft; Hendrikx, Jordy; Slåtten, Martine Sagen; Engeset, Rune (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-12)
      Snow avalanches are a significant natural hazard in Norway. One method to manage the backcountry avalanche hazard is through detailed mapping of avalanche terrain. Avalanche terrain can be mapped using a variety of methods, including using the Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES); however, manual classification of terrain using ATES is time consuming. This study has developed and compared a fully ...